Book reviews
Drunk Flies and Stoned Dolphins: A Trip Through the World of Animal Intoxication
Oné R. Pagán
BenBella Books, 2021. 320pp
Dr. Oné R. Pagán, a biologist, biochemist, and
pharmacologist, has written a book that’s as much fun as the title indicates, with
fascinating science as a bonus. He explains
the history of our research on naturally occurring pharmaceutically and psychedelically
active substances and the many uses other animals, intentionally or
unintentionally, put them to. Did you
know what happens to elephants on LSD (nothing good)? Have you ever heard the claim
we evolved our brains because psychedelic plants expanded out consciousness? It’s
called the Stoned Ape Theory, and an actual scientist was serious about it.
This is not to be confused with the Drunken Monkey Hypothesis, which holds our ancestors
found the ripest fruit by following their tastes for alcohol. (One wonders at times what exactly the
scientists consumed.)
Pagán questions some popular stories. Elephants, it turns
out, will greedily dive into liquor and can be very dangerous drunks, but the
claim that they do this with fermented fruit is dubious. (Some smaller animals
do get drunk that way.) The much-reported tale of dolphins passing around a
puffer fish to get high is likewise unproven: they may just have been using it
as an inflatable toy. My favorite bit is
that sea slugs apparently hallucinate on amphetamines. It’s not exactly useful
knowledge, of course.
The author explains the chemistry of the subject in clear
words and illustrations. He reviews the theories, adding a few of his own, about
why intoxicating substances evolve and the way they have “unintended” effects
(e.g., a plant may evolve an insecticide that’s an intoxicant to other animals).
Pagán’s engagingly conversational style occasionally gets a
little cutesy, but it succeeds in making the book a lively read that explains
science without getting boring. I came
away knowing a lot more about biochemistry, animal behavior, and how to
determine how drunk a fruit fly is. A unique book!